树莓派4B搭建NAS

发表于

更换清华源

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# 编辑 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件，删除原文件所有内容，用以下内容取代：
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib rpi

# 编辑 `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list` 文件，删除原文件所有内容，用以下内容取代：
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ buster main ui

更新系统

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

安装Samba

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sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin

挂载移动硬盘

查看硬盘情况

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sudo fdisk -l

可以看到/dev/sda1就是需要挂载的移动硬盘

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Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram1: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram2: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram3: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram4: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram5: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram6: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram7: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram8: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram9: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram10: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram11: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram12: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram13: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram14: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/ram15: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 30 GiB, 32220643328 bytes, 62930944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4afb2b47

Device         Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1        8192   532479   524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2      532480 62930943 62398464 29.8G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398931968 bytes, 3907029164 sectors
Disk model: External USB 3.0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x644e61a8

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *     2048 3907028991 3907026944  1.8T  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

查看硬盘状态

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df -h

可见还没有挂载

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文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root        30G  1.5G   27G    6% /
devtmpfs        1.8G     0  1.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.9G  9.4M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  253M   54M  199M   22% /boot
tmpfs           383M     0  383M    0% /run/user/1000

创建目录挂载

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sudo mkdir /media/pi/sda1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/pi/sda1

再次查看硬盘状态

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df -h

此时/dev/sda1已经挂载上去了

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文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root        30G  1.5G   27G    6% /
devtmpfs        1.8G     0  1.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.9G   18M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  253M   54M  199M   22% /boot
/dev/sda1       1.9T  886G  978G   48% /media/pi/sda1
tmpfs           383M     0  383M    0% /run/user/1000

安装NTFS格式可读写软件

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sudo apt install ntfs-3g

加载内核模块

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sudo modprobe fuse

设置开机自动挂载，不要忽视nofail选项要不然没挂载成功会无法开机

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# sudo nano /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1  /media/pi/sda1 ntfs-3g defaults,nofail,noexec,umask=0000 0 0

使用Samba共享文件夹

编辑配置文件

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sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

在文件的身份验证下面添加上这一行

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security = user
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####### Authentication #######
security = user
# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller".
#
# Most people will want "standalone server" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.

在配置文件结尾添加

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[MyNas]
path = /media/pi/shared
writeable=Yes
create mask=0777
directory mask=0777
public=no

  • MyNas: 这定义了与共享文件夹有关的地址和其他配置。例如，共享文件夹将是以下地址：\ raspberrypi \ MyNas。

  • path：共享文件夹目录；

  • valid users：有效用户；

  • read only：是否只读；

  • create mask：创建文件的权限；

  • directory mask：创建文件夹的权限；

  • guest ok：是否允许访客访问；

  • browseable：是否可见。

同时可以注释掉默认目录

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#[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

添加用户

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sudo smbpasswd -a pi

这一步会让你输入密码，这个密码是等会用来登陆nas用的，不是系统密码

pi是树莓派默认的用户，如果你想改个名也可以新建用户

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sudo adduser username
sudo smbpasswd -a username

这一步可能要重启Samba才能生效（注：samba默认开机自启，无需为重启担心）

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sudo samba restart

到这里基本上也就大功告成了